What is informatization and digitization? Is it equal to digitalization if information is implemented? This is a problem that must be clearly understood in the course of realizing a comprehensive informationization of an enterprise. This article separately elaborates the similarities and differences between the design of digitization and system integration, design information digitization and system integration, process design information digitization and system integration.
According to the recent plan of the National Ministry of Science and Technology for the informationization of China's manufacturing industry, it has recently been proposed that "flooding drawings" (different from "flip charts"), how to understand "flipping drawings," and how does it relate to informatization and digitization? Whether or not these problems can be correctly understood will have a major bearing on the integration of the technology route and informationization of manufacturing companies in the future. Here are some ideas to discuss with you.
Informatization and digitization
When we talk about manufacturing informatization, people will say that enterprise informatization includes product design informationization (CAD), process design informationization (CAPP), production and operation management informationization (ERP), manufacturing manufacturing informationization (CAM), and drawing file management information. In the early (DFM of DFM) and enterprise decision information (DDS/IB), etc., collectively referred to as CAX + ERP + CRM + SCM.
It is also claimed that manufacturing informatization is the digitization of product design, the digitization of process design, the digitization of production management, the digitization of production and manufacturing, and the digitization of business decisions.
What is the relationship between informatization and digitalization? Is it informationization or digitization? First look at the relationship between information and numbers.
1. In the natural sciences, information is neither material nor energy. It is the extent to which all processes of matter and energy take place in the universe. It can also be said that it is the way things exist or the state of movement, and this way Or the direct or indirect expression of a state. In epistemology, information is regarded as a measure of how well humans perceive objective things. In system theory, information is considered to be a special form of internal and external connections in the system. Information can be perceived, identified, stored, transmitted, displayed, analyzed, processed, and referenced by the viewer.
2. Data Data is an expression of something, a concept, or an instruction, a symbol that is recorded and identified.
3. Information is the result of data processing. Data is a kind of information carrier. Information does not change with the physical medium that loads it. However, due to differences in records, the data can show different forms, such as printed on paper. Recorded on magnetic materials and so on.
Under normal circumstances, people do not make strict distinctions between them. Data processing is called information processing and informationization is digitalized. However, if informatization develops in depth, if there is no strict distinction between the two, it will Some problems are difficult to understand, such as product design using CAD technology, whether it realizes product design informatization, or realizes product design digitization?
According to the above definition, information is the direct or indirect expression of the existence of the thing and the way or the state. Product design is the process of describing the product requested by the user. The user is required to describe the product with the specified format graphics and files.
It is also a kind of information to describe the format graphics and files of the product design specification by manual drawing tools. However, such formed graphics and files cannot be digitalized information. Only by designing the specified format graphics and files by digital means can they be called Digitized graphics and files. At present, the computers we use are all digital computers. They are based on digital computing. This means that any information must be digitized. Therefore, product design done in CAD can be called digital.
In summary, the meaning of informatization is relatively extensive, including the category of things represented by non-digital information. Digitalization is limited to the category of things represented by numbers. At present, informatization refers to the use of computers for informationization, which is necessarily based on digitization.
Development of technology and computer technology information purposes 4. Information and Digital to promote the development of the contemporary world manufacturing technology, manufacturing technology is the most advanced information technology and computer technology in the manufacturing field. The purpose of informatization and digitization of manufacturing enterprises is to transform and improve traditional manufacturing technologies, and provide support for enterprises to apply advanced manufacturing technologies, meet the informationization needs of product innovation and management innovation, and change the economic growth mode.
Digitalization of design information and system integration
1. The origin of design information digitization
The digitization of design information comes from the application of CAD technology. The CAD system outputs graphics and technical files on the computer screen, and uses plotters and printers to output conventional drawings and documents. The computers are internally formatted with various data. The design process, output graphics, and technical documents are all digitized.
2. Digitization of design information under system integration conditions
Conventional CAD technology has entered the category of design information digitization. Separate (non-integrated) CAD systems are required for traditional product design. Conventional CAD technology can already meet the requirements. The development of the market economy and changes in the competitive factors of enterprises have created a demand for enterprise application information technology. A series of CAX technologies such as CAD/CAPP/CAM and a series of management information technologies such as MRP/MRP-II/ERP have emerged.
As traditional product development, production and management of traditional enterprises are carried out according to the division of labor within the company, drawings, processes, technical documents, plans, statistics, statements, documents, and various notifications and meetings are used to organize the production and operation of each enterprise. After carrying out the demonstration projects of "flooding drawings" and "tax rejection forms", due to the separation of CAD/CAPP/ERP, this primary informationization cannot solve the problems of traditional enterprise product development, production, operation and management data sharing, and the system cannot be integrated and operated. Can not play the best effect of enterprise information. In this regard, manufacturing companies can only "break through" on the road to system integration.
Under the requirements of system integration, the output of the CAD system can no longer be a single paper drawing and form file. The CAM system needs graphic data, CAPP needs processing data, material data, assembly relationship data, ERP also needs product structure data, outsourced Parts data, etc.
Although a single (non-integrated) CAD system has digitized the drawings and some documents, a separate (non-integrated) CAD system cannot meet the requirements of system integration and must be modified.
This is because: First, the digital format used is chaotic; second, its representation method is based on graphical data, which has its limitations; and third, other enterprise information systems have developed some effective ways to describe product data. Methods, and these methods and methods as long as the transformation of the conventional CAD system can be achieved by the CAD system data and the resulting data and other systems required data sharing; Fourth, the international research and improvement of some information and data exchange standard.
(1) CAD and CAM integration
The purpose of integration of CAD and CAM is to enable NC programming (NCP) software to read CAD graphics data and implement manufacturing digitalization when using CNC machines, machining centers and other automation equipment.
A variety of CAD/CAM software packages have been formed so that seamless integration can be achieved. The World Organization for Standardization (ISO) has released the STEP standard and has formulated the product data model product data expression and exchange standards. It will gradually unify the expression and exchange of CAD and CAM product data. Companies can solve CAD and CAM integration issues by purchasing off-the-shelf CAD/CAM software suites.
(2) Integration of CAD system internal graphics data with design files and tabular data
The CAD system is mainly based on complete graphic design. However, in order to fully describe the product, design documents and forms must also be provided, such as the parts and components data required to describe the assembly on the assembly drawing, the parts and components needed to describe the product or parts, the purchased parts, and Standard parts and general parts, borrowed parts, etc. of products or parts.
The design drawing and the formation of design files and forms are the important goals within the CAD system. To achieve this goal, the system must improve the current CAD software, improve the graphics on the markup, title bar data formation methods, and apply the database. Technology, the establishment of a database to describe product data, to solve the label on the graphics, title bar data and product database interconnection, and achieve data sharing.
(3) CAD and CAPP integration
The purpose of integration of CAD and CAPP is to use and read the CAD files and data that have been formed in the process of designing the process documents to complete the process design and documentation. Process design and file types are as follows:
a. The process route requires the CAD output part drawing and digitized basic attribute data (drawing number, name, material, heat treatment requirements, etc.), product bill of materials, and part classification code.
b. The process specification requires the parts drawing of the CAD output and the digitized basic attribute data of the part (drawing number, name, material, heat treatment requirements, etc.) and the part classification code.
c. The material quota calculation requires CAD output parts drawings and digitized basic attribute data (drawing number, name, material, heat treatment requirements, etc.), part external dimensions, and net weight of parts.
d. Work-time fixed-rate calculation requires CAD output parts drawings and digitized basic part attribute data (drawing number, name, material, heat treatment requirements, etc.).
e. Tooling design requires a CAD output part drawing.
f. The CAD system needs the process information output by CAPP to perform DFM/DFA.
(4) Integration of CAD and ERP The basic attribute data (drawing number, name, designer, design date, etc.) of the digitized product and component (assembly) required by CAD are required for ERP operation, and the composition of the product and component is required. Parts, purchased parts, standard parts, etc.) Drawing number, name and quantity, designer, design date, and effective date constitute the core of the BOM.
Process Design Information Digitization and System Integration
1. The origin of process design information digitization
The digitalization of process design information originated from the application of CAPP. The application of CAPP originally originated from the application of group technology. In order to realize the grouping and standardization of process design, the work state of the craftworkers was changed, and duplication of labor was reduced. Due to the application of CAPP, the process specification is not only a traditional paper document, but also the data stored inside the computer.
2. Digitalization of process design information under system integration conditions
(1) routing digital routing information is required file a traditional production, but also the ability to run balance ERP, production planning arrangements for the unit, unit cost and other essential data.
(2) The digital process specification of the process specification is the basis for formulating calculation schedules for working hours, arranging workshops, working groups (units, machine tools), and the basic unit for calculating process costs. When running ERP, it is also the basis for arranging work plans for workshops, teams (units, machine tools).
(3) Digitization of material quotas This is the necessary data for pre-processing materials and the basic data for ERP product raw material demand plans.
(4) Digital fixed time quotas are determined according to each procedure. It is the basic data for the production of all levels of production plans and the operation of ERP. It refers to the company's annual plan, referring to the workshop, team (units, machine tools) operation plan, It is also the basic data for calculating process costs and quality costs.
(5) The digital chemical equipment design of the tooling design data is similar to the product design, so its digital requirements are similar to the product design digitization.
Only meet the above requirements of the design process digital information to be able to not only solve the data sharing between CAD / CAPP each other (two-way), integrated operation, but also to achieve integration run CAPP and ERP.
Can the “drawing drawings†meet the requirements of digital design?
1. Can a machine manufacturing company achieve "flipped drawings"?
This issue should be specifically analyzed. If it refers to the entire enterprise, it should answer “noâ€. Not only is it impossible to realize a paperless factory at present, but it is impossible to realize a paperless factory in the future. This can be changed from the initial CIMS implementation in the United States to the failure of a paperless factory to a modest degree of automation. The experience was corroborated. However, between limited management personnel such as design, craftsmanship, and off-site work, “flipping drawings†are completely achievable.
2. Is "flipped drawings" equivalent to digital design?
The front has already explained in detail the overall purpose and the requirement of the design digitization, simply mentioning the concept of “flipping the drawings†can not include the digitization of the comprehensive design, and simply “flipping the drawings†can only solve the CAD/NCP/CAM integration. Only the complete digitalization of design information and the full digitalization of process design can realize the integration of CAD/CAPP/NCP/CAM/ERP/CRM and so on.
in conclusion
It can be seen that only by fully understanding “flooding drawings†as the full digitization of design information and the full digitalization of process design can we achieve the goal of enterprise informatization. Simply interpreting "drawing drawings" as CAD/CAM integration may mislead the enterprise into informatization and produce the same adverse consequences as "flip chart" and "enterprise informatization is based on financial calculations."
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