(1) Engine
In 2007, the production of automotive diesel engines totaled 2.398 million units, which was a total of 344 units of diesel engines for Jetta passenger cars (18,659 sets), SUVs (23,139 sets), and MPV (2572 sets) diesel engines and micro-customer diesel engines. The number of diesel engines for commercial vehicles was 2,353,000, a year-on-year increase of 23.8%. In 2007, a total of 6.010 million sets of automobile gasoline engines were produced, of which approximately 48.77 commercial gasoline engines were used, a year-on-year increase of 13.0%.
(2) Commercial Vehicle Transmission
In 2007, China produced approximately 2,857 commercial vehicle transmissions, which was 21.6% of the previous year. In 2007, the increase in commercial vehicles was relatively large, so the increase in the transmission of commercial vehicles was also large. Among them, heavy trucks increased by 76.6% in 2007, bus production increased by 46.3%, semitrailer tractors increased by 95.6%, and truck chassis increased by 32.8%. Therefore, the increase in heavy-duty truck transmissions was also relatively large, and some enterprises’ exports were also large (eg, Fast Heavy Vehicle Transmission).
(3) Clutches for Commercial Vehicles
In 2007, China produced a total of 2.501 million commercial vehicles, and the domestic production of automobile clutches was approximately 4 million (OEM + after-market + import-export difference). Compared with the world advanced level, the domestic clutch has a certain gap between the level of technology and material, and domestic products basically meet the needs of most commercial vehicles. Due to the serious vehicle overload in the past, the clutch is easily damaged and the replacement rate is high. With the increase of domestic toll charges and limited overload, the overload phenomenon will be changed (but non-road vehicles still have a lot of overload when used).
Commercial vehicle and powertrain import and export
Some commercial vehicle powertrains follow the entire vehicle export. In 2007, 350,000 commercial vehicle vehicles were exported, accounting for 56.8% of the total vehicle export volume of 610,000 vehicles. Truck exports were the largest, and trucks with a total mass of ≤ 5 tons accounted for 55.4% of commercial vehicle exports. Large domestic companies are the main exporters, such as Beiqi Foton Export 2.77, an increase of 66%; China Heavy Truck exports 1.47 heavy trucks, the amount of more than 400 million US dollars.
(1) In 2007, China imported 607,000 automobile engines, including 1.532 billion U.S. dollars (including some non-automotive vehicles); and exported 512,000 engines for automobiles, and 753 million U.S. dollars (including some non-automotive). Most of the diesel engines were used for commercial vehicles, with 66,730 imported and 32.2 billion U.S. dollars, and 44,573 exported, with 7.57 million U.S. dollars. China's engines are mainly exported to North America, Japan, South Korea, Vietnam, Iran and other countries and regions.
(2) Excluding the import and export of complete vehicles, the import and export of transmissions, clutches, and engines are as follows (customs count): In 2007, the transmission assembly of automobiles (including passenger cars) was imported to US$3.276 billion, an increase of 62.4% year-on-year; exports were 262 million. The U.S. dollar increased by 223.5% year-on-year and was mainly exported to North America, Europe and Australia. For example, Shaanxi Fast products are exported in larger quantities.
(3) In 2007, China imported 335 million U.S. dollars worth of auto clutches and parts, which was a year-on-year increase of 36.2%. Exports were 175 million U.S. dollars, an increase of 42.3%.
Commercial vehicle powertrain main technology introduction and joint venture cooperation
Since the reform and opening up, China’s automobile engines, transmissions and clutches have successively introduced engines from the United States, Cummins, Austria’s Steyr, Italy’s Iveco, Japan’s Isuzu, and Japan’s Hino, as well as the American Eaton, BorgWarner, and German ZF transmission technologies. Basically meet the needs of domestic commercial vehicles, and there are some exports.
Hobbing uses a hobbing machine with two skew spindles, one mounted with a blank workpiece and the other with the hob. The angle between the hob's spindle (axis) and the workpiece's spindle varies, depending on the type of product being produced. For example, if a spur gear is being produced, then the hob is angled equal to the lead angle of the hob; if a helical gear is being produced then the angle must be increased by the same amount as the helix angle of the helical gear. The hobbing features for gears are straight, helical, straight bevel, face, crowned, worm, cylkro and chamfering. The two shafts are rotated at a proportional ratio, which determines the number of teeth on the blank; for example, for a single-threaded hob if the gear ratio is 40:1 the hob rotates 40 times to each turn of the blank, which produces 40 teeth in the blank. If the hob has multiple threads the speed ratio must be multiplied by the number of threads on the hob. The hob is then fed up into the workpiece until the correct tooth depth is obtained. Finally the hob is fed through the workpiece parallel to the blank's axis of rotation.
Often, during mass production multiple blanks are stacked using a suitable fixture, then cut in one operation.
For very large gears the blank can be gashed to the rough shape first to make hobbing easier.
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