Key Characteristics of Stainless Steel
1. Weldability Stainless steel is widely used in sculpture and various industrial applications, and the welding performance required varies depending on the product type. For example, Class I tableware typically does not require high weldability, and some pot manufacturers even avoid it. However, many products such as second-class tableware, thermos flasks, steel pipes, water heaters, and dispensers rely heavily on good welding properties of the raw material to ensure structural integrity and durability.
2. Corrosion Resistance Corrosion resistance is a critical feature for most stainless steel products, especially items like Class I and II tableware, kitchen utensils, water heaters, and dispensers. Many international buyers conduct corrosion tests to evaluate the quality of the product. The test usually involves boiling a sodium chloride (NaCl) solution and pouring it over the product for a certain period. After removing the solution, the item is washed, dried, and weighed to measure weight loss, which indicates the level of corrosion. It's important to note that during testing, if the surface is polished, iron particles from the abrasive materials can cause rust spots on the surface.
3. Polishing Performance The polishing performance of stainless steel depends on several key factors. First, the quality of the raw material plays a significant role—surface imperfections like scratches, pitting, or improper pickling can affect the final finish. Second, the hardness of the material matters. If the hardness is too low, polishing becomes difficult, leading to poor BQ (bright quenching) properties. In contrast, higher hardness generally improves BQ performance. Additionally, during deep drawing processes, areas with heavy deformation may develop small black spots or ridges, which can negatively impact the surface quality and overall appearance.
4. Heat Resistance Heat resistance refers to the ability of stainless steel to maintain its mechanical and physical properties at elevated temperatures. Carbon is a crucial element in austenitic stainless steels, as it strongly promotes and stabilizes the austenite structure. Its effect is about 30 times greater than that of nickel. As an interstitial element, carbon enhances the strength of austenitic stainless steel through solid solution strengthening. It also improves the material’s resistance to stress corrosion, particularly in highly concentrated chloride environments like a 42% magnesium chloride boiling solution.
Overall, understanding these characteristics helps in selecting the right type of stainless steel for specific applications, ensuring both functionality and longevity.
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