At Pure Power, we have extensive experience in evaluating, inspecting, and commissioning photovoltaic (PV) power systems as an Owner’s Engineer. One of the most commonly used tools in this process is I-V curve tracing. However, while it's a powerful diagnostic tool, it isn't always the best choice for every project. In fact, some traditional pass-fail metrics based on I-V curves may not be sufficient to ensure the desired outcomes. I-V curve tracing is a technique that measures the current and voltage output of a PV module or string across its full operating range. This allows engineers to visualize the entire I-V curve, which provides critical insights into the performance and health of the system. The shape of the curve can reveal whether a module or string is functioning properly or if there are underlying issues. During project commissioning, I-V curve tracing is essential for identifying underperformance and ensuring that the system meets design expectations. It helps establish a baseline for future performance monitoring and serves as a valuable quality control measure. However, relying solely on standard metrics like fill factor may not capture all potential problems. One common misconception is that using a 70% fill factor as a pass-fail criterion during commissioning is sufficient. While this is a widely accepted standard, it might not be rigorous enough to detect subtle issues early on. Instead, we recommend using a performance factor of 95% as a secondary screening metric. This more stringent threshold ensures that even minor defects are identified before the system goes live. In operational settings, I-V curve tracing should be used strategically rather than as a bulk inspection tool. Aerial inspections, for example, offer a faster, more cost-effective way to monitor large-scale solar farms. These inspections can quickly identify areas that require further investigation, allowing teams to focus their efforts where they're most needed. Once aerial data highlights potential issues, I-V curve tracing becomes a valuable tool for troubleshooting and supporting warranty claims. It acts as the third line of defense—after aerial inspections and targeted investigations. By using I-V curve tracing selectively, teams can maximize efficiency while maintaining high standards of performance and reliability. Ultimately, I-V curve tracing remains a crucial part of PV system evaluation, but its effectiveness depends on how and when it's applied. Understanding its strengths and limitations ensures that it's used in the most beneficial way possible throughout the project lifecycle.

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