Recycled raw materials are divided into depreciated waste, daily waste and production waste. For in the national economy more rational use of renewable raw materials, (former) Soviet Union developed national standards ΓOCT1639-78 "non-ferrous metals and alloys scrap and waste in general technical requirements." The standard lists the characteristics of the raw materials and specifies the technical requirements (quality, physical characteristics, chemical composition, physical dimensions, inclusion ratio) for various waste non-ferrous metals. The acquisition and supply of waste non-ferrous metals should be carried out in accordance with these requirements.
Waste non-ferrous metals and alloys are classified into categories based on physical characteristics, divided into groups or grades according to chemical composition, and classified according to quality indicators. The different characteristics of each class be: A Class - bulk waste and scrap; Б Class - debris; Category B - tungsten, cobalt, molybdenum, and alloys and compounds of the pulverulent waste material; the AK type - Horse plated iron waste and waste Tin packaging; Af- lead battery waste and scrap.
Each non-ferrous metal is divided into groups of different numbers. For example, copper and copper-based alloys are divided into 13 groups, and zinc and zinc alloys are divided into three groups. The number of groups is an indicator of the degree of diversification of the alloys produced on this metal.
Waste and scrap are divided into several grades according to the content of non-ferrous metals, decomposition degree, external dimensions, weight and inclusion rate. Level 1 refers to waste and scrap that can be metallurgically processed without special processing. Recycled materials belonging to the first grade have high content of non-ferrous metals, certain weight and shape, and no other metals and alloys. The non-metallic substance inclusion rate of the first-grade recycled copper raw material shall not exceed 3%, and the weight of the single piece shall not exceed 100 kg.
It is a secondary waste and waste, allowing for a slightly higher inclusion rate. The scrap and scrap of secondary copper and copper alloys may have an inclusion rate of less than 10% for non-metallic materials, ferrous metals and other non-ferrous metals.
The third-grade waste non-ferrous metal is characterized by a black metal inlay with high inclusion rate and requires pretreatment.
Low-quality waste non-ferrous metals do not meet the requirements of the major group grades and are contaminated with large amounts of ferrous and other non-ferrous metals. This type of raw material is mixed and needs to be sorted and disintegrated.
Standard ΓOCT1639-79 also specifies the weight and dimensions of waste non-ferrous metals purchased and supplied by the All-Su Renewable Non-Ferrous Metal Complex. All groups (or grades) and grades of waste and scrap (pipe cutting, strip cutting, sheet trim, waste wire, waste electrical conductor), the weight of the packing, binding and reeling: aluminum and aluminum alloy It must not exceed 150 kg, and other metals and alloys must not exceed 250 kg. The maximum weight of scrap and block waste of all non-ferrous metals and alloys is 100 kg and the size shall not exceed 600 × 600 × 1500 mm. The monolithic dimensions of low-quality waste and other wastes shall not exceed 1000 × 1000 × 2000 mm. After negotiating with the user, it is allowed to sell waste and scrap exceeding the specified size and weight.
Recycled non-ferrous metal materials sometimes contain a variety of explosive dangerous goods - bottles, tanks, utensils, pipes, metal blocks in the past blasting, waste military supplies. In order to prevent unfortunate accidents, various wastes and scraps should be inspected several times according to certain procedures. The inspection of various waste materials and waste materials to discover and eliminate explosive dangerous substances and flammable substances is called pyrotechnic supervision, and the pyrotechnic inspection should be carried out under the guidance and participation of pyrotechnic technicians. Explosion-proof inspection of recycled non-ferrous metal materials should be carried out at various stages: acquisition, transportation, pre-treatment, metallurgical processing. Untested scraps and scraps shall be considered as explosives, and it is not allowed to mix the scraps and scraps with the tested waste non-ferrous metals. The waste non-ferrous metals that have been inspected and harmlessly treated shall be certified for explosion-proof.
Each batch of waste non-ferrous metals shall be accompanied by a certificate certifying that the batch of non-ferrous metals meets the standards. The name, category, group, alloy grade, grade and inclusion rate of such waste non-ferrous metals are indicated in the certificate. For alloys of substandard grades, the chemical composition is listed.
Among the total purchases of waste non-ferrous metals, aluminum accounted for 45.0%, copper accounted for 37.0%, lead accounted for 9.0%, zinc accounted for 5.2%, and other metals accounted for 3.8%.
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