Non-ferrous metal concentrator process design specification

Non-ferrous metal beneficiation plant process design specifications (YSJ 014-92)

Chapter I General

Article 1.0.1 This specification is specially formulated to unify the technical requirements for process design of non-ferrous metal concentrators, improve design quality, and promote technological progress.

Article 1.0.2 This specification applies to the process design of a new non-ferrous metal concentrator. The expansion and reconstruction project can be referred to for implementation.

Article 1.0.3 The process design of the concentrator shall adopt new technologies and new equipment. The application of new technologies, new equipment and major scientific research results must be identified.

Article 1.0.4 The site of the ore dressing plant shall not be located in the mining design caving area and in the unfavorable engineering geological sections such as faults, caves, landslides and mudslides.

Article 1.0.5 The layout of the plant of the ore dressing plant shall be based on the characteristics of the process and the development of the technology, make full use of the topography, implement the principle of gravity and compactness, and reasonably determine the floor space of the plant. For the concentrating plant that has the possibility of expansion, there should be room for development, but the land occupation and early requisition shall not be arbitrarily expanded.

Article 1.0.6 Tailings, sewage, dust, harmful gases, noise and radioactive materials discharged from the concentrator shall be properly disposed of and shall comply with the current national environmental protection standards.

Article 1.0.7 In addition to complying with this specification, the process design of a non-ferrous metal concentrator shall comply with the relevant national standards.

Chapter II Mineral Processing Test and Sample Taking

Section 1 Mineral Processing Test

Article 2.1.1 The classification of mineral processing tests may be divided into optional tests, laboratory tests, laboratory extended continuous tests, semi-industrial tests and industrial tests. The scope of application of the ore dressing test shall comply with the provisions of 2.1.1.

Table 2.1.1 Scope of application of mineral processing test

Article 2.1.2 The test report must be approved by the project authority.

Article 2.1.3 The newly-built concentrator shall conduct a test for the relative grindability or work index of the ore.

Article 2.1.4 When the content of clay and fine mud in the ore is large, the water is large and it is difficult to loose, the washing test should be carried out. Semi-industrial or industrial self-grinding tests and mud-sand sorting tests shall be carried out when necessary.

Article 2.1.5 The ore in the ore or the amount of surrounding rock mixed during the mining process, and may be pre-selected when it is separated before grinding.

Article 2.1.6 When using the flotation process, a backwater test shall be performed. Mineral processing products should be tested for sedimentation and filtration as needed.

Article 2.1.7 The final product of mineral processing shall be determined by items such as density, particle size, mineral composition and content of harmful substances.

Article 2.1.8 When the harmful components in the process effluent exceed the standard, it must be treated or protected.

Section 2 Sample taken

Article 2.2.1 Depending on the purpose of the test, the samples taken shall be sufficiently representative.

Article 2.2.2 The sampling shall be designed according to the conditions of the deposit, the mining method, the ore characteristics and the test requirements.

Article 2.2.3 The weight of the sample shall be determined according to the type of test and the nature of the ore. When performing single tests such as washing, pre-selection, self-grinding, semi-milling, re-election, magnetic separation, roasting, comprehensive recovery and dehydration, the weight of the sample shall be determined according to the type, specification and test time of the test equipment.

Article 2.2.4 The specimens for the optional test shall be taken as a tunnel or core. When the scale of the experiment is large and the nature of the ore is relatively simple, it is advisable to take the sample of the initial production section which represents about 5 years after the production, and take the deep core sample of the later mining. When the deposit is large in scale and the ore is complex, samples in the entire mine or ore mining area should be taken.

Article 2.2.5 When there are large differences in the properties of the oxidized zone, the secondary zone, the primary zone ore and the pre- and post-production ore of the mining, samples shall be taken separately. When these types of ore cannot be mined, a mixed sample should be taken according to the actual mining ratio.

Article 2.2.6 The sample taken shall contain the corresponding surrounding rock of the top and bottom plates and the sandwich of the ore body, and the quantity shall meet the requirements for the ore distribution during sampling and testing.

Article 2.2.7 When recovering useful minerals from tailings and waste residue, the particle size distribution, oxidative deterioration degree and material composition shall be representative except for the representativeness of the sample.

Chapter III Process

Section 1 General Provisions

Article 3.1.1 The process of dressing process design shall be based on the mineral processing test approved and reviewed, and shall be determined with reference to production practices.

Article 3.1.2 The determination of the mineral processing process shall consider the comprehensive recovery of gold, silver and other associated useful minerals. Minerals that are temporarily unrecoverable or have poor recovery benefits should also be disposed of properly.

Article 3.1.3 The mineral processing product plans and indicators shall be based on the improvement of economic benefits, and the main indicators such as the types, product quality and recovery rate of the recovered products shall be reasonably determined through comparison of the plans.

Article 3.1.4 For the conventional grinding process, the principle of multi-grinding and grinding should be implemented. According to the scale of the concentrator and the type of grinding equipment for beneficiation, the particle size of the final product is determined.

Section 2 Broken Screening

Article 3.2.1 Large and medium-sized beneficiation plants shall adopt the conventional three-stage and one-stage closed-circuit crushing process. A concentrator of less than 500t/d should adopt a two-stage, one-closed process. Small and medium-sized concentrating plants using ultra-fine crushing technology should increase the over-filling operation of broken coarse crushed products in two-stage crushing. When the crushed final product is fed as a ball mill , the particle size of the conventional crushed product should be less than 15 mm, and the ultrafine crushed product can be less than 12 mm. When the rod mill is fed, the final crushed product should have a particle size of less than 20 mm.

Article 3.2.2 When the crusher is fed to the mine, if the final product has a fractional content of more than 15% or contains more ore and is wet, the heavy-duty sieve should be used for enhanced screening before the crushing, and the final product is produced.

Article 3.2.3 When the intensive screening measures are used in the crushing system, the washing process may be adopted, but it must be fully demonstrated. For ore that is difficult to determine for washing in the design, the possibility of washing should be left in the design.

Section III Preselection

Article 3.3.1 When the amount of waste rock in the ore is large, and the difference in color, density, magnetism and conductivity is large, it is determined whether the pre-selection is carried out through trial and technical economic comparison.

Article 3.3.2 Before the hand selection, light picking and heavy medium sorting, washing and sieving operations shall be set up. For 350mm grade ore, a mechanical pre-selection process should be used.

Article 3.3.3 The tailings grade selected by the heavy medium shall be lower than or equivalent to the tailings grade of the main process.

Article 3.3.4 The granularity of heavy media separation shall be determined according to the actual production of the test or similar enterprise. When sorting by heavy medium cyclone, the selected particle size should be 3~15mm, and the maximum particle size should not be more than 20mm.

Article 3.3.5 When using the heavy medium beneficiation process, measures shall be taken to maintain the stability of the ore properties and, if necessary, to set up ore facilities.

Section 4 Grinding Classification

Article 3.4.1 When the particle size of the grinding product is 0.5~3mm, a rod grinding process shall be adopted. When the particle size of the grinding product is less than 0.074mm and the content is less than or equal to 70%, a ball milling process should be used. When the particle size of the grinding product is less than 0.074mm and the content is more than 70%, a two-stage grinding process should be adopted. In a small ore dressing plant, when the particle size of the grinding product is less than 0.074 mm and the content is less than 75%, a grinding process should be adopted.

Note: The lower limit of the particle size of the grinding product can be reduced to 0.3mm during re-election.

Article 3.4.2 For useful minerals with uneven grain size and easy to over-grind ore, rod grinding or stage grinding is preferred.

Article 3.4.3 If there are many mud, water or clay and plastic clay in the ore, and it is difficult to use conventional grinding and washing methods, or if the ore is affected by the presence of iron ions in the slurry, self-grinding should be adopted. Semi-milling process.

Section 5 Flotation

Article 3.5.1 For the sulfide ore uniformly embedded in fine particles, a flotation process should be selected. For the sulfide ore with uneven coarse and fine grain, a multi-stage flotation process should be used.

Article 3.5.2 For multi-metal rich sulfide ore, direct direct flotation process should be used. For polymetallic lean ore, it is advisable to use a mixed or partially mixed flotation process.

Article 3.5.3 When there is a difference in the floatability of some minerals in polymetallic sulphide ore, it is advisable to adopt a floatable process.

Article 3.5.4 For polymetallic sulfide ore with large difference in ore floatability, if the ore grade is low, the mineral inlay size is fine, it is difficult to select or the oxidation rate is high, branch flotation or equivalent floatation may be considered. Combined process with branch flotation.

Section 3.5.5 Ore gold, silver, platinum, lead and other heavy minerals contained in the ore grinding easy to produce heavy mineral grinding too brittle, the flash flotation process may be employed.

Article 3.5.6 When the concentrate grade is high and the useful mineral inlay is fine, the multi-stage grinding process of concentrate should be used.

Article 3.5.7 For ores with high ore grade and good floatability, when the quality requirements of concentrates are not strict, the process of rough selection of final concentrates and 1 or 2 sweeps shall be adopted. For ore with low grade ore and high quality of concentrate, multiple selected processes should be used.

Article 3.5.8 The return location of the mine shall be determined by the test. The design may be adjusted according to the quality requirements of the concentrate and the nature of the mine.

Article 3.5.9 For medium ore mines containing a large amount of flotation reagents, slime and a large number of refractory minerals, it is advisable to adopt a separate treatment process for medium and small mines.

Section 6 Re-election

Article 3.6.1 The re-election design process shall be based on the principle of “early harvest and overcharge, early loss and loss” based on the dissociation characteristics of useful minerals. The selected particle size shall be determined according to the mineral processing test, and technical and economic demonstration shall be carried out when necessary.

Article 3.6.2 For the re-election plant for the treatment of alluvial sand ore, it is advisable to use distributed coarse selection. Focus on the selection process. The gravel and slime with low content of valuable metals in the rough ore should be pre-excluded in the washing operation.

Article 3.6.3 The ore with uneven thickness of useful minerals shall be selected according to the content of metal and the dissociation of useful mineral monomers. For large and medium-sized concentrating plants, when the grades and properties of raw ore are very different, the process of grinding and selecting according to the rich and poor and optional subsystems should be adopted.

Article 3.6.4 For ore with fine minerals embedded in fine minerals, the process of stage grinding and centralized treatment of slime should be adopted.

Article 3.6.5 Closed-circuit grinding operation, when the graded particle size is greater than 0.2mm, it is advisable to use the screening machine to close the circuit or set appropriate sorting equipment in the circuit.

Article 3.6.6 All the sorting operations of the stage selection shall obtain concentrate or coarse concentrate and discard part of the tailings.

Article 3.6.7 For the re-election of mines, the operations of slag separation, grading and de-sludge shall be strengthened, and the separation of mud and sand shall be strictly implemented. When the content of sulfide in the ore is sufficient to interfere with the sorting, effective desulfurization measures should be taken.

Article 3.6.8 The intermediate products of the re-election plant shall be separately selected and ground according to the nature of the materials. Fuzhong Mine should adopt multi-selection and less grinding, and select post-grinding process. Poor mines should adopt the first grinding and post-selection process. Medium mines with complex nature and difficult to separate should not be re-elected. It is advisable to use an adaptive joint process.

Article 3.6.9 Before the slime is sorted, it shall be graded and de-sludged, and narrow-level selection shall be carried out. When there are many waste fine muds in the slime, it is advisable to adopt the process of grading and sorting after de-sludge.

Section VII Dehydration

Article 3.7.1 When the ore dressing plant is located in a severe cold area or the smelting requires that the water content of the concentrate is less than 8%, a three-stage dewatering process may be adopted. When the water content of the concentrate is 8% to 12%, a two-stage dewatering process should be used. When the water content of the concentrate is greater than 12%, a two-stage or one-stage dewatering process should be used.

Article 3.7.2 Under the premise of complying with the requirements of Article 3.7.1 of this code, when the area where the concentrator is located is long in winter and the climate is cold, for the concentrates that are easy to be filtered, the two-stage dehydration process in the summer of three stages in winter can be used.

Article 3.7.3 The coarse-grained concentrate produced by re-election and magnetic separation may be dewatered by a sedimentation tank, a dewatering sieve, a centrifugal dewatering machine, a dewatering tank or a filter.

Article 3.7.4 When there is a water-deficient area, poor water supply conditions or a requirement to increase the tailings transport concentration, the tailings should adopt a concentrator process. When dry tailing of tailings is required. The tailings should be concentrated and filtered for two stages of dehydration.

Chapter IV Major Equipment Selection and Calculation

Section 1 General Provisions

Article 4.1.1 The fluctuation coefficient of the ore volume of the selection operation shall comply with the following provisions:

General flotation operation 1.05~1.1

Flotation operation after wet self-grinding 1.3～1.5

Mixed flotation or selected operations 1.2~1.5

Re-election operation 1.1~1.15

Medium ore and concentrate in the re-election process 1.5～2.0

Article 4.1.2 When calculating the capacity of the main process equipment, the load rate may be 100%.

Article 4.1.3 The concentrating plant of the three-shift work system shall comply with the requirements of Table 4.1.3 for the main equipment operating rate and operation time.

Table 4.1.3 Main equipment operating rate and working time

Article 4.1.4 The amount of equipment handled shall be determined by calculation and with reference to the actual production quota of similar enterprises.

Article 4.1.5 The equipment load rate of the process before and after the concentrator should be relatively balanced. The equipment type and specifications of the same process should be the same.

Article 4.1.6 The main production equipment such as crushing, grinding, flotation, magnetic separation and enrichment of the ore dressing should not be used as a whole.

Article 4.1.7 The type and specifications of the main process equipment of the concentrator shall be compatible with the nature of the ore and the scale of the concentrator, and shall meet the requirements of large size, small series, high efficiency, energy saving, durability and reliable source of spare parts. Do not use eliminated products.

Section 2 Broken Screening

Article 4.2.1 Large-scale gyratory crushers with feed openings greater than 1200 mm shall be arranged according to bilateral mining; when large lump ore is used, large gravel machines may be installed in the upper part of the receiving silo.

Article 4.2.2 When a large ore dressing plant handles a harder ore with a hardness of less than 12 mm, an ultra-heavy cone crusher may be used.

Article 4.2.3 A crushing and screening plant with small ore hardness, fine powder ore and product particle size requirement of less than 15 mm may be used with a single cylinder hydraulic cone crusher.

Article 4.2.4 When the small ore dressing plant has smaller particle size requirements and less muddy water content, it is advisable to use a rotary disc crusher, a JC deep cavity jaw crusher or a fine crusher jaw crusher with a large crush ratio.

Article 4.2.5 The pre-screening operation before crushing shall use a large-amplitude heavy-duty vibrating screen.

Article 4.2.6 A linear vibrating screen shall be used for dewatering and de-intermediation.

Article 4.2.7 A reliable metal detector and iron removal device shall be provided before and during the fine crushing operation.

Section III Preselection

When the ore particle size of the pre-selected operation is 5~50mm and 5~10mm, the cone type and drum type heavy medium sorting machine shall be selected respectively. When the pre-selected particle size is 5~15mm, the heavy medium cyclone shall be selected. .

Article 4.3.2 The production capacity of the heavy medium sorting machine shall be determined according to the unit production capacity of similar concentrating plant production practices.

Article 4.3.3 The weighting agent used in the pre-selection process shall be recycled according to its nature. The magnetite and ferrosilicon weighting agent shall be recovered by magnetic separator, galena and pyrite weighting agent. Use flotation machine to recycle.

Article 4.3.4 When hand-selected waste rock and rich ore blocks are used in crushing operations, the conveying speed of the belt conveyor used shall be less than 0.25 m/s.

Section 4 Grinding Classification

Article 4.4.1 The coarse grinding ball mill should use the lattice type, and the fine grinding ball mill should use the overflow type. Large ball mills should use overflow type.

Article 4.4.2 The classification equipment for grinding operations shall be compatible with the type of grinding machine. The lattice type ball mill should be equipped with a spiral classifier. When the separation particle size is less than 0.15 mm, it is recommended to use a sinking type. When the separation particle size is greater than or equal to 0.15 mm, the high-grade type should be adopted. The overflow ball mill should be equipped with a hydrocyclone.

Article 4.4.3 When the small-size ball mill is used for rough grinding, it is advisable to use a grid type ball mill with a spiral classifier unit or a spiral classifier with a hydrocyclone to control the classifier unit. For medium size ball mills, spiral classifiers or hydrocyclone units are available. Large ball mills should use hydrocyclone units.

Article 4.4.4 When the grinding circuit is constructed by a hydrocyclone to form a closed circuit, the discharge end of the grinding machine shall be provided with a thick partitioning facility. When the hydrocyclone gives a large specification to the ore pump, it should be equipped with a shifting device.

Article 4.4.5 When there is no special requirement for the grinding machine grinding products, a long-tube type grinding machine is recommended.

Article 4.4.6 For the self-grinding machine circuit with smaller specifications, when the grinding fineness is coarse, it is better to use a spiral classifier to form a closed circuit.

Section 5 Flotation

Article 4.5.1 For the coarse and sweeping operations of large and extra large concentrators, an aerated mechanical agitation flotation machine should be used. For ore that requires easy selection or requires a small amount of aeration, a mechanically agitated self-priming flotation machine may also be used. Medium and small concentrators should use mechanically agitated self-priming flotation machines.

Article 4.5.2 The total number of flotation machines for roughing and sweeping operations of flotation plants shall not be less than 6 troughs.

Article 4.5.3 The flotation time of the design shall be determined based on industrial test data. When there is no industrial test data, the designed flotation time can be selected from 1.5 to 2.0 times the laboratory test data.

Article 4.5.4 For easy-floating minerals with higher ore grades and finer grain size, flotation columns can be used for sorting.

The type and structure of the flotation column aerator shall be determined by testing or by reference to similar enterprises according to the characteristics of the material and the requirements of the selection index.

Article 4.5.5 The structure of the agitation tank should be compatible with the purpose of selection. The agitation tank should be corrosion-resistant. The high-concentration slurry mixing tank should prevent the ore sinking tank and increase the lifting height of the stirring tank, generally not more than 1.2m.

Article 4.5.6 In the production of the concentrator, certain pharmacies may be added to the grinding machine, the pre-flotation pump tank or the distributor.

Section 6 Re-election

Article 4.6.1 Re-election equipment shall be selected according to factors such as material properties, slurry concentration, treatment capacity, operation and maintenance, etc., and efficient and energy-saving equipment shall be preferred.

Article 4.6.2 The sorting of 2~20mm coarse-grained materials shall be sorted by jig.

Article 4.6.3 For the sorting of 0.074~2mm materials, a cone concentrator, a spiral concentrator or a shaker may be used, or a jig may be used.

Article 4.6.4 For the separation of 0.037～0.074mm materials, spiral chute and shaker should be used.

Article 4.6.5 0.01~0.037mm ore should be selected by centrifugal concentrator and selected by belt chute.

Article 4.6.6 For the separation of coarse-grained sulfide minerals in tungsten and tin coarse concentrates, it is advisable to use a lifting or shaking tank or a circular tank flotation machine.

Section VII Dehydration

Article 4.7.1 The specifications of the thickener shall be determined according to the production quota and the rising water flow velocity. The type of concentrator should be selected according to the conditions of use. When the treatment volume is small, the center transmission type should be selected. When the treatment volume is large, the peripheral transmission type should be selected. However, in the cold area, the peripheral rack transmission type should be used, and the processing capacity is large and the space is narrow. For hours, it is advisable to use high efficiency.

Article 4.7.2 When the water content of the concentrate is greater than or equal to 12%, a cylindrical or disc type vacuum filter should be used. The required water content of the concentrate is 8% to 12%. When the material has poor filterability, it should be automatically selected. Filter press.

Article 4.7.3 When the fine grain size and density of the concentrate are large, the internal filter type cylindrical vacuum filter should be used. When the concentrate mechanism is less than 0.2mm, the disc type vacuum filter, external filter type or folding belt type should be used. For cylindrical vacuum filters, when the concentrate or material size is less than 30μm, a filter press should be used.

Article 4.7.4 For the drying of concentrates such as copper , lead, zinc and nickel , a direct heating cylinder dryer shall be used. For the drying of concentrates such as tungsten, tin and molybdenum , indirect heating and drying equipment should be used.

Chapter V Plant Configuration

Section 1 General Provisions

Article 5.1.1 The plane position and floor elevation of each workshop of the ore dressing plant shall be determined in combination with topography, landform and engineering geological conditions. The main plant floor of the crushing plant, the grinding inter-span and the re-washing plant of the concentrator shall be arranged in the section mainly excavated.

Article 5.1.2 The size of the factory door and hoisting hole shall be greater than the outer dimensions of the largest component of the equipment or the external dimensions of the transport vehicle under loading conditions of 400 to 500 mm. Extra large equipment may not have special gates, but installation holes should be reserved. After installation, the equipment should be closed according to design requirements. The lower clearance hole should be covered by the movable cover.

Article 5.1.3 The laboratory and laboratory of the concentrator shall maintain the necessary distance from the crushing, grinding and workshops with large vibration equipment. Under normal circumstances, it shall not be less than 50m. The technical inspection station of the concentrator should be arranged in the main building.

Article 5.1.4 Each layer of the operating platform shall have good flushing conditions. The platform flushing sewage shall be discharged into the trench through the diversion system and flow into the in-plant sewage system.

Article 5.1.5 The width of the sewage draining ditch in the plant shall not be less than 300mm, and the protective grille shall be placed at the top of the ditch. The slope of the ground should not be less than the slope of the trench. The slope of the trench should meet the following requirements:

Broken and grinding factory 3%~5%

Re-election plant 4% to 6%

Magnetic separation plant 3% to 5%

Article 5.1.6 The clearance height between platforms shall not be less than 2m. In individual sections, the clearance height can be appropriately reduced without hindering inspection and operation.

Article 5.1.7 The width of the passage in the building shall comply with the following provisions:

Main channel 1.5～2.0m

Operating channel 0.9~1.2m

Maintenance channel 0.6~0.9m

Note: The width of the conveyor corridor should be implemented in accordance with relevant regulations.

Article 5.1.8 The inclined passage in the plant shall meet the following requirements:

(1) When the channel inclination angle is 6°~12°, anti-slip strips should be provided; when it is greater than 12°, steps should be set.

(2) The angle of inclination of the stairs should be 45°. It is often the case that the angle of inclination of a person passing and carrying a heavy object should be less than 40°, and the distance of infrequent passage can be less than 45°.

Article 5.1.9 In the crushing system of large-scale concentrator, intermediate or buffer mines should be set up.

Article 5.1.10 The crushing and screening of cold areas and the heating temperature of the concentrate dewatering plant shall not be lower than 10 °C; the heating temperature of the belt conveyor corridor and the separate set of concentrate bins shall not be lower than 5 °C; The heating temperature should not be lower than 15 °C.

Section 2 Broken Screening

Article 5.2.1 The main process equipment for crushing and screening shall be in a single series configuration.

Article 5.2.2 The crushing and screening of large and medium-sized concentrating plants shall be separately set up separately.

Article 5.2.3 The washing and heavy medium sorting operations of large and medium-sized concentrators shall be set up separately.

Article 5.2.4 The conveyor corridor of the belt conveyor should adopt a closed structure. In the belt conveyor economic corridor in the area with good meteorological conditions, a movable protective cover structure can be adopted. Ventilation, waterproofing and drainage measures shall be taken in the underground part of the corridor; platforms and access doors shall be provided at the junction of the underground and the ground.

Article 5.2.5 The open pit and lime yard shall be located in the downwind direction of the maximum wind frequency of the plant and shall be kept at a certain distance from the main production plant. When conditions are not available, effective measures to prevent dust diffusion must be taken.

Section 3 Grinding Sorting

Article 5.3.1 The main plant of the re-election plant shall adopt a combination of single-layer and multi-layer configuration.

Article 5.3.2 The grinding products of the ore dressing plant should adopt the configuration method of first centralized and then distributed.

Article 5.3.3 The slurry self-flow tank and the slope of the pipeline in the concentrator shall be determined according to the particle size, density and concentration of the material. The minimum slope of the tailings self-flow, the flotation plant should not be less than 1.5%; the re-election plant should not be less than 3%. For the slurry transportation outside the factory with a large amount of minerals and a long transportation distance, the slope test should be carried out or determined with reference to the actual data of similar enterprises.

Article 5.3.4 When the large-scale grinding machine and the hydrocyclone constitute a closed circuit, the cyclone should be supplied to the mining sand pump in a single configuration.

Article 5.3.5 The slurry pump for conveying slurry in the ore dressing plant shall be properly and centrally configured according to the requirements of the process flow and the terrain.

Article 5.3.6 When there are two cranes in the grinding inter-span, it is advisable to adopt a common track arrangement.

Article 5.3.7 Ventilation facilities shall be provided for plants that generate more harmful gases. Ventilation and ventilation should be intensified in the production of highly toxic and corrosive gas. Special workshops should meet the requirements for anti-virus and anti-corrosion.

Article 5.3.8 The production control room, computer control room, telephone room, handover room, etc. in the factory building shall adopt corresponding sound insulation measures.

Article 5.3.9 The oil storage facilities inside and outside the plant shall meet the requirements for fire prevention and explosion protection.

Section 4 Concentrate dewatering

Article 5.4.1 Medium and small size thickeners in severe cold areas should not be placed outdoors.

Article 5.4.2 Concentrates with small concentrates, the concentration and filtration equipment should be arranged by concentrator discharge and self-flow; the filtration and vacuum and pressure equipment should be placed on the same floor.

Article 5.4.3 For filtration and drying equipment, it is not advisable to use an overlapping configuration.

Article 5.4.4 The drying plant shall be designed according to the nature of the fuel, the drying method, and the fire protection requirements. If necessary, a skylight shall be opened at the upper part of the drying facility.

Article 5.4.5 The dewatering plant shall be provided with a sedimentation tank with perfect mechanized recovery equipment.

Article 5.4.6 Large and medium-sized ore dressing plants, when the number of dryers is large and coal is used as fuel, mechanized coal and slagging arrangements shall be adopted.

Chapter VI Auxiliary Production Facilities

Section 1 Storage facilities

Article 6.1.1 The ore storage time of the original ore warehouse shall comply with the provisions of Table 6.1.1.

Table 6.1.1 Raw ore bin ore storage time

Note: 1 The effective storage capacity of the original ore bin is the storage time in the table multiplied by the actual hour of the crusher; 2 The volume of the mine bin crushed by the gyratory crusher can be less than 0.5h, but not less than 60~150t; 3 When the raw ore transportation distance is short or the bucket is directly discharged into the coarse mining bin, the storage time can be taken as the lower limit.

Article 6.1.2 The storage time of the intermediate or mine ore shall comply with the provisions of Table 6.1.2.

Table 6.1.2 Storage time of intermediate or mine ore ore

Note: The effective storage capacity of the intermediate or mine ore is the storage time in the table multiplied by the amount of ore processed daily by the concentrator.

Article 6.1.3 Buffering and distribution of ore deposits The effective storage of ore shall comply with the following provisions:

(1) The crushing crusher crushed to the mine is coarser than the original mine transport vehicle;

(2) The actual treatment capacity of the crusher 10 to 15 minutes before the crushing;

(3) The actual treatment capacity of the crusher before fine crushing, fine crushing and sieve unit, and 8-40 minutes before screening.

Article 6.1.4 The effective storage capacity of grinding ore bins shall be 24 to 36 hours of processing capacity of the ore dressing plant. When the scale of the ore dressing plant is small and the maintenance conditions are poor, the upper limit is adopted. When the scale is large and the intermediate mine bin is provided, it can be appropriately reduced, but not less than 16 hours.

Article 6.1.5 The storage time of the concentrate of the product mine shall comply with the provisions of Table 6.1.5.

Table 6.1.5 Product bin storage time

1 The effective storage capacity of the product mine concentrate is the storage time in the table multiplied by the daily concentrate of the concentrator; 2 when the vehicle is insufficient in railway transportation, the time can be increased accordingly, but not more than 7d; 3 when the transportation condition is poor, the storage time is taken The upper limit, on the contrary, the lower limit; 4 When the ore dressing plant is located near the smelting plant, the concentrate bin should be combined with the raw material warehouse of the smelter, and its capacity should be the concentrate of the 20~30d ore dressing plant; 5 when the two modes of transport are combined The storage time is calculated separately according to the main transportation mode or the transportation volume according to different methods.

Article 6.1.6 For coarse ore bins, a slot-shaped dead angle type mine bin shall be used. The upper wall of the dead corner and the discharge opening shall be lined with rails and manganese steel plates.

Article 6.1.7 The intermediate ore storage facilities after coarse crushing of large-scale concentrating plants should adopt above-ground type ore piles. When the height difference is allowed, the underground passage of conical piles should be adopted, and ventilation, waterproof and drainage facilities should be provided.

Article 6.1.8 For the fine crushing and screening of the former silos, a trough-shaped funnel bin should be used. The wall angle of the silo should be greater than 50° and lined with a lining.

Article 6.1.9 Large-scale ore heaps should be used for powder ore bins of large-scale concentrators. For medium and small concentrators, it is advisable to use a multi-port cylindrical flat-bottomed silo with a large steel funnel at the bottom of the silo. The angle of the funnel should not be less than 50°. Facilities under the warehouse should be equipped with lighting, lighting and necessary ventilation.

Article 6.1.10 The concentrate bins of large and medium-sized ore dressing plants shall adopt trough-shaped silos and be equipped with bridge grab cranes for storage and transportation. Small or small concentrates can be used in tank-type silos or stockyards with a single-track grab crane or front-loading machine.

Article 6.1.11 For loose materials with a moisture content of less than 8%, when an elevated trough-shaped silo is used, a ventilating flap gate shall be provided at the discharge port of the silo, and a lining shall be provided in the silo.

Article 6.1.12 For silos that are prone to cause difficulty in discharging, it is advisable to use air bubbles, vibrating discharge machines, silo wall vibrators and other equipment to enhance the discharge according to the degree of retardation during discharge.

Section 2 Feed and Material Transfer

Article 6.2.1 When the feed size is larger than 300mm, heavy-duty plate feeders and trough feeders should be used. The heavy-duty plate feeders placed under the silo should be horizontally arranged and should be inclined at an angle of not more than 12°.

Article 6.2.2 When the feed size is less than 300mm, a plate type or heavy-duty belt feeder is preferred. The bandwidth of the heavy-duty belt feeder should be 4 to 5 times of the largest ore; the belt speed is 0.2 to 0.3 m/s; a variable speed motor should be used.

Article 6.2.3 For viscous materials with a particle size of less than 30 mm and a high water content, a disc feeder should be used; when the dust is not large, an open disc feeder should be used. When it is necessary to adjust the amount of mine, a speed control device should be provided.

Article 6.2.4 Materials with a particle size of less than 30 mm and a small amount of mud may be fed by a pendulum feeder.

Article 6.2.5 For materials with good fluidity, a vibrating feeder may be used, and the upper material of the feeder shall not be directly crushed on the bottom of the feeder. When unavoidable, the length of the press material shall not exceed 1/5 to 1/4 of the length of the silo, and the inclination angle of the rear wall of the feed funnel shall be greater than 50°.

In Article 6.2.6, the belt feeder should be used for the fine crushing and grinding machine feeding. The belt feeder should not be subjected to excessive pillar pressure, and the feeding port of the feeder should adopt a trapezoidal material port. When the material particle size is small, it is advisable to provide a slab gate at the discharge port of the silo.

Article 6.2.7 When the crushing and screening plant has a large amount of minerals and a long transportation distance, high-strength belt conveyors should be used. When conditions permit, the transmission should be located on the head of the belt conveyor.

Article 6.2.8 The upper idler of the 45° groove angle shall be adopted near the feed point of the high-strength belt conveyor, and the transition idler of the 10° groove angle shall be adopted near the front and rear wheels.

Article 6.2.9 When the ordinary belt conveyor conveys general materials, the belt speed should be 1.25~3.15m/s; when conveying fine ore, the belt speed should be 0.8~1.5m/s. The belt speed of long-distance high-strength conveyors should be 1.6~4m/s. For conveyors equipped with weighing devices, the belt speed shall be determined according to the requirements of the weighing device.

Article 6.2.10 The inclination of the ordinary belt conveyor shall not exceed the following provisions:

After crushing, the closed screen sieve product 16°

Rough grinding spiral classifier back sand 10°

Material size below 350mm 16°

Material with a particle size of 120mm or less 18°

Downstream transportation of materials with a particle size of 30mm or less 10°

Filtration product 20°

Article 6.2.11 For high-power TD-75 belt conveyors, motors with large starting torque should be used. For high-intensity and high-power belt conveyors, slow starters such as fluid couplings or air clutches should be used.

Article 6.2.12 A sewage pump shall be provided in the underground corridor of the belt conveyor. The pump inlet shall be provided with a thick device. The diameter of the pump outlet shall not be less than Φ65mm.

Article 6.2.13 When conveying coarse particles of about 3 mm and conveying slurry materials with strong corrosiveness to rubber such as kerosene, it is not advisable to use a rubber-lined sand pump.

Article 6.2.14 The sand pump pipeline of the concentrator shall not be laid horizontally. The corresponding return gradient shall be maintained according to the particle size of the material, and shall not be less than 1%.

Article 6.2.15 For the ore-slurry pump of the graded hydrocyclone of the grinding product, a sand pump with a large adapting range and a small head change shall be selected.

Article 6.2.16 When calculating the capacity of the slurry sand pump for transporting the grinding graded loop, the fluctuation coefficient of the slurry volume shall be 1.2 to 1.4.

Article 6.2.17 When calculating the foam pump capacity in the flotation circuit, the fluctuation coefficient of the slurry volume shall be 2 to 2.5; the multi-foam shall be 2.5 to 3.5 in the medium ore or concentrate.

Article 6.2.18 When the flow rate of the tailings of the beneficiation plant, the ore discharge of the grinding machine, the returning sand of the classifier, etc. is large, the lining of the diabase is recommended.

Section III Maintenance Facilities

Article 6.3.1 Maintenance cranes shall meet the requirements for lifting the most heavy components, components or assemblies that are difficult to disassemble. The selection of maintenance cranes may not consider the installation requirements of the equipment.

Article 6.3.2 When repairing the crushing equipment using an electric crane with a tonnage greater than or equal to 5t, a bridge crane shall be used, and an electric single-girder crane shall not be used. For lifting equipment with a tonnage less than 5t or for single equipment maintenance, manual, electric single beam, electric hoist and monorail crane should be used.

Clause 6.3.3 Crane lifting hooks shall be operated in a vertical position.

Article 6.3.4 The maintenance crane should adopt the ground operation mode. The underground plant is equipped with a cab operation mode. The parts need to be upgraded to the ground for overhaul, the overhead lines in the plant are more, or the plant is longer and span. In a dusty workshop, a closed cab should be used.

Article 6.3.5 When the plant is too long and the number of equipment is large, two cranes of the same or different specifications may be arranged in the same span, but it is not appropriate to use two cranes to hoist the zeros and components.

Article 6.3.6 The maintenance site should be located at the end of the plant. The effective length of the crushing and grinding maintenance site shall comply with the provisions of Table 6.3.6.

Table 6.3.6 Effective length of crushing and grinding maintenance site

Article 6.3.7 Large-scale concentrating plants shall be equipped with small equipment maintenance stations, and their locations shall be located near the maintenance sites in the plant.

Section IV Storage and Preparation of Pharmaceuticals

Article 6.4.1 The chemical storage warehouse and the chemical preparation room of the mineral processing plant should be combined and set up, and an open storage yard should be left outside the factory. When there are a large number of pharmaceuticals, the facility should be equipped with lifting facilities. The small concentrator's pharmacy and drug preparation room can be built on the side of the grinding and floating plant.

Article 6.4.2 The position of the preparation chamber of the medium and small concentrator shall be determined according to the self-flow to the addition chamber after preparation of the medicament. When it is unable to flow by itself, it should be selected by special pump according to the type of medicament, and it should not be used by one pump.

Article 6.4.3 The storage of pharmaceuticals shall be calculated according to the dosage of 30-90d. For a concentrator that must have a secondary drug storehouse, the storage capacity of the secondary storehouse can be calculated from 15 to 30 days.

Article 6.4.4 The total lime storage of the ore dressing plant shall be constructed separately, and the storage site shall be located in the downwind direction of the maximum wind frequency of the plant. The total storage capacity should be determined according to the production amount of 30d. Preparation of lime milk using a crushing process. Its lime silo volume is greater than 24h production.

Article 6.4.5 The area of ​​the drug storehouse shall be determined according to the storage method, packaging form and transportation method of the drug.药剂堆存方式按药剂包装方式确定，采用铁桶包装时，可堆2～3层；采用麻袋或编织袋包装时，可多层堆放，堆放高度不宜超过2m。

第6.4.6条 剧毒、强酸、强碱药剂，应单独存放，并解决通风、防火、防晒、防腐等问题。煤油、松油应防火。黄药、黑药应防晒与防潮。酸碱类药剂应防腐与防潮。

第五节 药剂添加

第6.5.1条 选矿厂给药室，应以集中配置为主。小型选矿厂给药室可与制备间合并设置。

第6.5.2条 选矿厂的药剂添加室，应设有视野广阔的观察窗。药剂种类、数量较多的大、中型选矿厂，添加室中应增设操作人员工作室。

第6.5.3条 药剂室应采取防腐措施。对产生较大气味的黄药、硫化钠等贮药槽及给药机处，应设置独立的机械排风系统。

第6.5.4条 药剂添加及制备室排出的污水，可通过尾矿输送系统送到尾矿库。

第6.5.5条 药剂管道不宜与电缆、动力线、自动控制管线共架敷设。各种药剂管道应涂以不同颜色，剧毒药剂的管道应有醒目标志。

第6.5.6条 药剂管道的走向与标高，应保证起重设备正常起吊与运行，不得影响生产操作人员的操作。

第6.5.7条 石灰乳及易沉淀药剂的贮槽，应增设搅拌装置，槽底应安装排渣活门。

第6.5.8条 石灰乳用量较大时，宜采用压力循环管添加，循环管中石灰乳流速，不宜小于3m/s。

第6.5.9条 大、中型浮选厂宜采用数控给药机或药剂定量泵。小型选矿厂宜采用机械或虹吸给药器。

第六节 自动控制、检测与计量

第6.6.1条 选矿工艺流程复杂、生产规模较大的选矿厂，应相应地提高自动化水平。中、小型选矿厂，可采用局部自动控制方式。

第6.6.2条 选矿厂破碎筛分系统开停车的顺序，宜采用集中联锁控制；系统复杂、设备数量较多时，可采用程序控制。

第6.6.3条 大、中型选矿厂给矿，宜采用恒定给矿和磨矿产品浓细度的自动控制。

第6.6.4条 自动化水平要求较高的大型选矿厂，应设集中控制室，并应在生产设备附近设置就第控制仪表盘。

第6.6.5条 选矿厂取样点的设置应符合工艺流程特点及生产检测需要。取样方法应机械化、自动化。

第6.6.6条 需要配矿的原矿与精矿，宜设干式取样装置及其制备系统，原矿取样装置应设在粉矿仓附近，精矿取样机应设在过滤与干操作业线上。

第6.6.7条 矿浆量过大时，应先经缩分再给入取样机。样品缩分比，应根据矿浆流量与取样机允许流量确定。

第6.6.8条 选矿厂的原矿、破碎产品、磨矿机给矿、最终精矿和重选系统给矿，应设置计量装置。

第6.6.9条 设置计量装置的带式输送机，应与计量装置的技术要求相适应。

第6.6.10条 各种检测与计量仪表，应符合产品安装要求。

附 录

本规范用词说明

为了正确执行本规范的条文，对表示严格程度的用词作如下说明，以便执行过程中按不同要求区别对待。

一、表示很严格，非这样做不可的用词：

正面词采用“必须”；

反面词采用“严禁”。

二、表示严格，在正常情况下都应这样做的用词：

正面词采用“应”；

反面词采用“不应”；或“不得”。

三、表示允许稍有选择，但在条件许可时首先应这样做的用词：

正面词采用“宜”或“可”；

反面词采用“不宜”。

附加说明

本规范主编单位、参加单位和主要起草名单：

主编单位：北京有色冶金设计研究总院

参加单位：长沙有色冶金设计研究院

主要起草人：曲逎达 卢荣富 董必作 奚仲

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